Chinas sponge cities aim to reuse most rainwater greenbiz. Sponge city concept helps solve chinas urban water. Sponge city construction aims to achieve an integrated and sustainable management of urban stormwater through its 6step approaches, i. The development of sponge plays an important role in the construction of sponge city. With the process of industrialization and the expanding of urbanization, the shortage of fresh water in china is gradually becoming an urgent issue, especially in some metropolises which overuse underground water like beijing and shanghai. At the 18th national congress of the communist party of china in november 2012, a major decision was made for the promotion of ecological civilization. Sponge city is a new type of urbanization development model which can effectively solve the urban water security problems and promote the harmonious development of man and nature. The dutch living in a severely floodprone area have developed over the years elaborate water management systems for lowlying lands, a good part of which in the western part of the country have been developed into a large metropolitan urban area. May 18, 2016 as professor che wu from the department of civil engineering and architecture of beijing university pointed out, the sponge city must achieve the goal of protecting water environment, water ecology, water resources and water security at the same time. University of guelph, 2017 professor cecelia paine sponge city is a concept already applied in many cities around the world. Oct 01, 2015 instead of funnelling rainwater away, a sponge city retains it for use within its own boundaries. Since this announcement, sponge city construction has increased throughout the country. A sponge city is a new urban construction model for flood management, strengthening ecological infrastructure and drainage systems. Implementation of a specific urban water management.
Pdf case studies of the sponge city program in china. Integrated urban water management under centralised planning. Sponge cities emerging approaches challenges and opportunities. Best management practices referred bmps can be used to manage. Present status of sponge resilient city development in. Sponge cities also come with wider social benefits. A sponge city is defined as a city that acts similar to a sponge and has a high adaptability to environmental changes and natural disasters wu, 2015. Development of water policies, laws and regulations and general directions to guide the orderly and integrated planning of the nations water resources to ensure their. Sponge city chinas path to ecological balance volume 3 issue 2 april may 2015 management 12 partnerships nutrient reduction 16 erosion control the soil fund 18 cso mitigation stream daylighting 23 water quality trading policy.
In my view, the solution of this problem is decreasing the hard landscape and increasing the soft landscape as well. Sponge city, sponge, lowimpact development abstract. Pdf sponge city water resource management download full. To address the issue, chinas sponge city initiative has an ambitious pdf download goal. A case study in zhengzhou, china rencai dong 1, xueqi zhang 1,2 and huanhuan li 1,2 1 state key laboratory of urban and regional ecology, research center for ecoenvironmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 85, china. Sponge city strategies and practices in weihai, china. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the authors and the title of the work, journal citation and doi. A new strategy for integrated urban water management in china. In october 2014, following publication of sponge city construction technology guidelines, the ministries of finance, housing and urbanrural development, and water resources collectively initiated a sponge city pilot program. Traditionally, chinese water resource management policy was to.
The rmss can be a technique, program, or policy that can be used to meet water related management needs of a region and the state as a whole. Since 1950, the number of people living in cities has ballooned from 751 million to 4. We, as a group of msc students of various specializations, chose to work on a multidisciplinary. Low impact development and sponge city construction for urban.
Accordingly, the sponge city project scp advocates for various forms of utilization of rainwater as water sources of cities. Back to basics for water management water is a precious resource and all life forms depend on it for their sustainability. To tackle these issues, the specific urban water management strategy known as sponge city has been implemented. Towards government mechanisms of sponge city construction. For instance, the overuse of grey construction such as. Programme in response to its urban water management challenges. Governance of the sponge city programme in china with wuhan as.
The term sponge city refers to the idea of a city where its urban underground water system operates like a sponge to absorb, store, leak and purify rainwater, and. Students will learn the crucial importance of designing a waterproof city vs. The book comprises 41 projects of urban landscape architecture, showing the exploration of the role of water management in urban spatial planning. Sponge city is a chinese version of the urban stormwater management concept proposed to achieve better management and control of stormwater runoff, which is similar to best management practices. Sponge city water resource management english and french edition.
The innovation of sponge city water is a kind of irreplaceable resource. The sponge city in china has a short historygiven this, there are many issues that should be examined with regard to the stepwise implementation of. A great deal of effort in water resource management is directed at optimising the use of water and in minimising the environmental impact of water use on the city environment. This makes a huge amount of waste of water resource.
In the long run, sponge cities will reduce carbon emissions and help fight climate change. A sponge city is a city built around the concept of managing water in an. Characteristics and effectiveness of water management. Zhengzhou administrative districts and the sponge city construction planning area. Sponge city pilot project the sponge city pilot program was launched in the end of 2014, under the direct guidance and support by the ministry of housing and ruralurban development mohurd, ministry of finance, ministry of water resources mwr overall objective.
The country has in place a system of water resources management that includes both central federal and decentralized basin and local institutions. It has become a hot focus in urban water resources research and practices globally. Planning for sponge city construction in dalian problems and background water resource water security water environment water ecology low rate of rainwater utilization lack of water reuse facilities use of reclaimed water is low lack of scientific guidance the drainage system is not sufficient for the changing conditions. Lack of water resources, per capita is less than a quarter of the worlds.
Low impact development and sponge city construction for. A sponge city follows the philosophy of innovation. This paper summarizes the historical development of sponge cities at home and abroad and. Iwrm seeks to manage and develop water resources in a sustainable and balanced way. Low impact development and sponge city construction are new paradigm for urban stormwater management. But with global growth and urbanization, the resource is dwindling and depleting faster than nature can restore it. Towards government mechanisms of sponge city construction in. Launched in 2015 in 16 cities, the initiative seeks to reduce the intensity of rainwater runoff by enhancing and distributing absorption capacities more. Urban permeable pavement system design based on sponge city. Sponge city basic principles systematic approach towards management of city water, so that the urban surface and subsurface water bodies can act as a sponge that absorbs and releases water when necessary, and purifies the water in that process a series of guiding principles and overall objectives and targets that can. Sponge city is the term used to describe the chinese governments approach to urban surface water management.
At present, the sponge city concept scc is gaining ground. The 7 main targets defined by wuhan sponge city planning and design guideline. Feb 20, 2019 in australia, which has experienced six development stages of urban water management, water sensitive city wsc or water sensitive urban design wsud was initiated in the 21st century to bring a range of benefits which not only protect the degradation of urban water resources, but also manage and recycle stormwater so that cities become. Characteristics and effectiveness of water management methods. Demand reductionan important element of urban water management is generally not addressed by the sponge city approach. Assessing the application of sponge city to downtown guelph. After rainwater collection, rainwater purification and utilization should also be carried out to make efficient use of water resources. Sponge city is green, smart and will rule in future. Aug 04, 2020 to address these issues, in 20, the chinese government proposed a development plan for sponge cities, which involves the implementation of various water management systems for natural storage, infiltration and cleaning of water in urban areas. This document is the result of our research for the sponge city project in wuhan. The construction of sponge city is an effective approach to solving the urban water issues, particularly for the waterlogging. Building climate resilience and water security in cities. Framework overview a systematic framework based on pca and som was developed by considering critical aspects involved in the sponge city construction. An urban water management program called sponge city spc is put forward in china in 2014 in order to relieve the flood inundation and water shortage.
A sponge city is capable of absorbing, storing, allowing permeation of, and cleansing rainwater, and releasing stored water for reuse when needed wu, 2015. The california water plan provides a broad set of resource management strategies rmss that can help local agencies and governments manage their water and related resources. It can alleviate the city s waterlogging, water resources shortage, and urban heat island effect and improve the ecological environment and biodiversity by absorb and capture rain water and utilize it to reduce floods. The concept was conceived in 2014 in response to an increasing incidence of urban flooding or water logging in chinese cities. Six priorities for sponge cities world future council. It is widely recognized that surface water management in chinese cities is undergoing rapid development which, while challenging, is presenting multiple opportunities for improvements to city infrastructure 14. In this context, in order to provide an international forum for stormwater management professionals to present the latest developments, technologies and case. Interpretation and application of sponge city guidelines. In the long run, sponge cities will reduce carbon emission cities and help fight. Exploring the application of sponge city design to downtown guelph junyi johnny zhang advisor. Integrated urban water management under centralised. This unit covers the range of private and public good characteristics of water resources, and some basic economic concepts that can be used to analyse water resources problems, provide insights into complex issues and lead to policy recommendations. The term sponge city refers to the idea of a city where its urban underground water system operates like a sponge to absorb, store, leak and purify rainwater, and release it for reuse when necessary.
Implementation of a specific urban water management sponge city. In the hopes that a down pouring of rain can be captured and redirected below. The most important thing for the construction of sponge city is to make green play its role. Assessing the application of sponge city to downtown.
Increasing areas to store rainwater resources promote water protecjon and management of rivers and lakes strict banning on taking lakes or rivers for construcjon maintaining and improving ecological, draining and. In this study, both the urban issues emerged at the stage of rapid urbanization in china and the demands as well as problems of sponge city. In addition, climate change leads to extreme weather condition such as rainstorm. Integrated water resources paradigm integrated water resources management assumes that water problems are highly complex at environmental, economic and social spheres. Properly implemented sponge city can reduce the frequency and severity of floods and improve water quality.
Sponge city theory and its application in landscape planning. Changing the water resource management paradigm in an. Opportunities and challenges of the sponge city construction. Feb 10, 2017 waterlogging is one of the major water issues in most cities of china and directly restricts their urbanization processes. The aim of this new concept is to create a city that absorbs rainfall and releases rainwater when required similar to a sponge. Water resource management, supply and sanitation zimbabwe report 7 7. At the same time, low water return of the city should be considered. Water resource management, supply and sanitation zimbabwe report 5 the department of water resources assists the ministry to carry out the following statutory functions. The heterogeneity between cities depends on not only their. Some might be used to recharge depleted aquifers or irrigate gardens and urban farms. Sponge city in chinaa breakthrough of planning and flood. Water resources management is a significant challenge for mexico. The article by mynett and zevenbergen discusses how the two. Brief history of sponge resilient city development.
By capturing storm water, we are preventing beach pollution. Water security is the goal of water resources management. One objective of the scp is to improve urban living experiences. Nov 29, 2018 similar to other ecosystemfriendly urban design philosophies, the purposes of a sponge city are to prevent or lighten urban pluvial flood disasters, to minimise the impact of urbanisation on natural hydrological processes, to protect and rehabilitate downstream aquatic environments, and to improve urban water body functions. In many of cities, the under land of city is too hard and the consequence of this situation is the underground water become less and less.
Furthermore, water management is imposing a heavy cost to the economy. Urban permeable pavement system design based on sponge. Sponge city strategies and practices in weihai, china 249 fig. It is the outcome of our effort to create a model for the sponge city programme scp for the erqi area in the city of wuhan, china. Evaluation of a double pipe technology performance for. The sponge city strategy replaces a prior objective of rapid draining in urban water management with preserving rainwater as a resource. Interpretation and application of sponge city guidelines in. However, the four natural sections on the left are particular to the sponge city strategy. Particularly, water resource management is tackled in sdg 6. Finally, section 6 discusses some of the current issues of debate in the field.
982 1387 247 686 1194 1507 120 1543 1258 733 899 685 1282 116 337 665 486 1290 158 896 348